Conflict in collective formalization processes: opportunities for transformation?
Anne M Larson, Esther Mwangi, Iliana Monterroso, Nining Liswanti, Tuti Herawati
Conflict is a key factor affecting land tenure security as well community and natural resource governance. Recent literature from both theory (e.g. Schilling-Vacaflor and Flemmer 2015) and practice (Miall 2004) has turned from an emphasis on conflict resolution or management to conflict transformation, which focuses on the root causes of the problem and conflict as an opportunity, while also recognizing that it is a normal part of social relations. This article examines conflict in the context of the formalization of collective forest and land rights in three countries, Peru, Indonesia and Uganda (we also draw on partial data from Nepal). Conflict in relation to forest and land tenure security is multi-dimensional, although the most common problems are usually associated with overlapping claims or boundaries. This research specifically examines the nature of conflicts by combining results from multiple scales and perspectives – from national and subnational government implementers of tenure reforms, to communities and male and female household members. The article draws specifically on three main sets of findings, primarily from: 1) interviews with government officials in charge of reform implementation (this data includes Nepal); 2) key informant interviews and focus group discussions with both men and women in 54 villages under five different forest tenure reform regimes (in three countries); and 3) intra-household surveys with over 1300 households in these same villages. The combined analysis across these data sources allows us to examine conflict from multiple perspectives and scales
Event: Land Governance in an Interconnected World_Annual World Bank Conference on Land and Poverty_2018
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