Towards Investigation of Integrating LADM, BIM, and CityGML of 3D Condominium Rights for Cadastral Purposes: The Case of Turkish Cadastral System
Hicret GÜRSOY SÜRMENELİ, Mehmet ALKAN et al
Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering Department of Geomatic Engineering, Land Management and GIS Division
Four basic concepts form the basis of a modern land management system: Land Tenure, Land Value, Land Use, and Land Development. Cadastral studies are seen as the cornerstone of these four basic concepts. Especially, complex buildings located underground and above ground form the basis of 3D cadastral studies. In addition, international research has been conducted on developing future cadastral systems due to the increasing pressure on urban land use by locating various complex structures (multi-storey buildings, tunnels, subway networks, bridges, etc.) above and below ground. In light of these studies, a 3D cadastre is defined as a system in which owners' rights, restrictions, responsibilities correspond to advanced policies and standards. In this sense, having a well-formed and sustainable 3D cadastre will benefit many other applications such as urban planning, real estate valuation, construction activities. Nevertheless, the same objects are created in different data standards and formats for different applications. Thus, data exchange between different institutions and disciplines becomes difficult. In this sense, the open data standards (e.g. CityGML and Industry Foundation Classes (IFC)) have a vital role in enabling interoperability between different domains such as Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC). Besides, Land Administration (LA) Standards representing legal and physical attributes such as LADM, CityGML and, IFC have been developed especially for buildings, which are the main objects of the 3D cadastre system. While LADM represents the legal side of cadastral objects, CityGML and IFC are not as successful as LADM in representing Rights, Restrictions, and Responsibilities (RRR) between real estate and its owner cadastral system. Therefore, the scope of CityGML, IFC and, LADM are slightly different concepts of representing building elements, but they could also be related to each other, primarily representing 3D condominium rights in the 3D cadastral applications. Unlike LADM, IFC and, CityGML are used to model physical objects. In particular, BIM applications focus on all building elements and technical details of the building at the scale of a building, while CityGML is used for a 3D city model or larger-scale applications. In this context, this paper aims to show the current situation and opportunities to efficaciously benefit from open data standards for the 3D condominium rights scope of the 3D cadastre. The examination of the paper concerns the cases for 3D condominium rights in the Turkish cadastral system. As a result, the study shows that the integration of LADM, CityGML, and the IFC schema model of condominium rights can benefit the general framework to transition to 3D LAS in Turkey.
Event: The 10th Land Administration Domain Model Workshop
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